REVIEW PAPER
Prolactin and the physiological regulation of its secretion. A review
1 |
The General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland |
2 |
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland |
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2013;22(2):79–89
Publication date: 2013-06-07
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
This review briefly summarizes recent findings on lactotrophs in
the pituitary gland and extrapituitary tissues as a no homologous group cell
types of different embryonic origin, morphology and biological function. They
display a remarkable adaptation to altered physiological condition. Their functions
are derived from structural polymorphism, local synthesis, divergent intracellular
signaling pathways and target genes. Most of them are heterogenous
with respect to basal hormone release, electrical activity and responsiveness to
stimulatory/inhibitory factors, depending upon gender and physiological state of
animal. The circulating prolactin (PRL) produced by many types of lactotrophs
can act in edocrine/paracrine/autocrine manner, respectively as a hormone,
growth factor, neurotransmitter or immunoregulator. At the cellular level PRL
exerts mitogenic, morphogenic and secretory activity. Numerous factors of the
central and peripheral origin are involved in the mechanism regulating PRL
secretion, causing an increase or decrease of the hormone concentration in
the circulation. The certain feedback mechanism keep the pituitary lactotrophs
to be not overactive.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
M. Ciechanowska
The General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
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