ORIGINAL PAPER
On the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) in pig feed on growth performance, nutrients utilization and DON metabolism
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1
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
 
2
Institute of Nutrition, Veterinary University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
 
 
Publication date: 2004-10-25
 
 
Corresponding author
S. Dänicke   

Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
 
 
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2004;13(4):539-556
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Control wheat and wheat artificially inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and as well as wheat contaminated mainly with deoxynivalenol (DON) were gradually blended to yield diets for pigs with increasing DON concentrations (0.2, 0.7, 1.2, 2.5, 3.7 mg/kg) at a total wheat content of 400 g/kg diet. Performance was recorded over a liveweight range between 34 and 104 kg (n=l 8 per group). Blood was drawn from the jugular vein after five weeks on the experimental diets to determine the clinical-chemical parameters and DON concentrations. In addition, a balance study was carried out with the groups fed the diets with the lowest and the highest DON concentration to test the effects on nutrient digestibility and DON metabolism. DON and its metabolite de-epoxy-DON were analysed in physiological samples by HPLC after cleanup by immuno-affinity columns (IAC). Performance of pigs was not significantly affected by increasing dietary DON concentrations, although there was a trend toward a decrease in weight. This was especially true for the group fed the diet with 3.7 mg DON/kg, which consumed 5% less feed and gained 8% less liveweight than the control group. Serum clinical-chemical parameters, such as albumin, total protein, GLDH, ASAT, γ-GT and immunoglobulins were not influenced by the dietary treatments. DON concentration in serum increased in a dose-response-related manner and did clearly reflect the DON exposure of the animals. However, adverse effects on performance were only obvious for the group fed the diet with the highest DON concentration. No significant differences were found for nutrient digestibility of the tested diets. With regard to the DON balance and metabolism, urine was the main excretory route. A total of 52.3% of the ingested DON was eliminated as the parent toxin whereas 2.6% was excreted as the metabolite de-epoxy- DON in the group fed the diet with 3.7 mg DON/kg. The excretion of both substances accounted for approximately 98% of the total DON recovery from urine and faeces, which indicates the important role of the urinary elimination route. De-epoxy-DON accounted for approximately 5% of the urinary excretion of de-epoxy-DON plus DON, whereas in faeces a ratio of approximately 97% was found, which underlines the role of the digestive tract in the metabolism of DON in the pig.
 
CITATIONS (50):
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Systemic and local effects of the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) are not alleviated by dietary supplementation of humic substances (HS)
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Food and Chemical Toxicology
 
2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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7.
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10.
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11.
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12.
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Sven Dänicke, Tanja Goyarts, Hana Valenta
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13.
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14.
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15.
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16.
Kinetics and metabolism of the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol in farm animals: Consequences for diagnosis of exposure and intoxication and carry over
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17.
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18.
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19.
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20.
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21.
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22.
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23.
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Toxins
 
24.
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25.
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26.
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27.
Research note: Effects of deoxynivalenol on immunohistological parameters in pigs
S. Döll, T. Goyarts, H. J. Rothkötter, S. Dänicke
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28.
Secondary Metabolites in Soil Ecology
Susanne Elmholt
 
29.
Mycotoxins and Their Metabolites in Humans and Animals
Martin Weidenbörner
 
30.
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31.
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32.
In vivoandin vitroeffects of the mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol on different non-reproductive and reproductive organs in female pigs: A review
U. Tiemann, S. Dänicke
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33.
Carry-over ofFusariumtoxins (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) from naturally contaminated wheat to pigs
Tanja Goyarts, Sven Dänicke, Hana Valenta, Karl-Heinz Ueberschär
Food Additives and Contaminants
 
34.
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36.
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Food and Chemical Toxicology
 
37.
Studies on the toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON), sodium metabisulfite, DON-sulfonate (DONS) and de-epoxy-DON for porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell lines IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2, and on effects of DON and DONS on piglets
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Food and Chemical Toxicology
 
38.
Pig Urinary Concentration of Mycotoxins and Metabolites Reflects Regional Differences, Mycotoxin Intake and Feed Contaminations
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39.
On the Interactions Between Fusarium Toxin-Contaminated Wheat and Nonstarch Polysaccharide Hydrolyzing Enzymes in Diets of Broilers on Performance, Intestinal Viscosity, and Carryover of Deoxynivalenol
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Poultry Science
 
40.
In Vitro Effects of Deoxynivalenol on Small Intestinal d-Glucose Uptake and Absorption of Deoxynivalenol Across the Isolated Jejunal Epithelium of Laying Hens
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Poultry Science
 
41.
Comparative toxicokinetics of Fusarium mycotoxins in pigs and humans
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Food and Chemical Toxicology
 
42.
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World Mycotoxin Journal
 
43.
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Frontiers in Immunology
 
44.
Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health in finishing pigs and DON content in biological samples
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45.
Equations to Predict Growth Performance Changes by Dietary Deoxynivalenol in Pigs
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Toxins
 
46.
Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs (35 to 120 kg)
Michael Wellington, Michael Bosompem, Lucas Rodrigues, Daniel Columbus
Journal of Animal Science
 
47.
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Archives of Toxicology
 
48.
Effect of DON and ZEN and their metabolites DOM-1 and HZEN on B cell proliferation and antibody production
Alix Pierron, Alexandra Kleber, Elisabeth Mayer, Wilhelm Gerner
Frontiers in Immunology
 
49.
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Mycotoxin Research
 
50.
High deoxynivalenol and ergot alkaloid levels in wheat grain: effects on growth performance, carcass traits, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters of feedlot cattle
R. M. Bierworth, G. O. Ribeiro, S. A. Terry, N Malmuthuge, G. B. Penner, J. J. McKinnon, P. Hucl, H. Randhawa, K. A. Beauchemin, K. Stanford, K. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, W. Z. Yang, R. Gruninger, L. L. Guan, D. Gibb, T. A. McAllister
Mycotoxin Research
 
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