ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of supplementing sodium butyrate, phytogenic compounds
and egg yolk antibodies in calf milk replacer containing
probiotic bacteria on selected faecal bacteria in calves
1
Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Architecture,
Research-Experimental Laboratory, S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology,
Department of Biology and Animal Environment, ul. Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
3
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Animal Science,
Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
4
Vetbovis, Żydowo, Poland
Publication date: 2023-07-10
Corresponding author
J. Milik
Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Architecture, Research-Experimental Laboratory, S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Architecture, Research-Experimental Laboratory, S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2023;32(4):438-446
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Thirty two Holstein calves were used to investigate the effects
of sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenic compounds (PC; consisting mainly of
caraway, liquorice extract, oak bark and vanilla flavour), and egg yolk antibodies
(EY) supplementation in milk replacer (MR) containing probiotic bacteria on
the counts of total bacteria and selected bacteria in faeces. The calves were
fed a mixture of surplus colostrum, transition milk and whole milk for the first
9 days of life. On day 10, they were assigned to one of four treatments (8 calves/
treatment): 1) MR containing probiotic bacteria but no other feed additives
(control treatment; CTRL); 2) MR with SB; 3) MR with PC; and 4) MR with EY. On
day 14 of the study, total bacteria counts were higher in EY calves, Lactobacillus
spp. counts were higher in PC and EY calves, and Bifidobacterium spp. counts
were higher in SB, PC and EY calves compared to CTRL calves. Escherichia coli
counts were higher in EY calves and tended to be higher in SB calves compared
to CTRL. On day 28 of the study, total bacteria counts tended to be lower in
PC calves, Lactobacillus spp. counts were higher, while Clostridium perfringens
counts were lower in EY calves compared to CTRL calves. It was concluded
that the supplementation of SB, PC and EY in MR already containing probiotic
bacteria may either increase or reduce the abundance of beneficial (Lactobacillus
spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.) but also undesired (E. coli, and C. perfringens)
bacteria in calf faeces. Of the investigated feed additives, PC supplementation
exerted the most beneficial effect on the composition of faecal bacteria, while EY
supplementation can reduce C. perfringens shedding in faeces.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank the staff of Gospodarstwo
Rolno-Hodowlane Żydowo Sp. z o.o.
(Żydowo, Poland) for their assistance with animal
care, sample and data collection, and Polmass S.A.
for providing experimental milk replacers.
FUNDING
This study was partially funded by the Smart
Growth Operational Programme 2014-2020 Submeasure
2.3.2, Innovation Vouchers for SMEs,
and partly supported by Polmass S.A. (Bydgoszcz,
Poland), which provided experimental milk
replacers.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of
interest.
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