ORIGINAL PAPER
Circadian and seasonal changes
in the expression of clock genes in the ovine pars tuberalis
1
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering,
Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
2
University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Anatomy, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Corresponding author
K. Wojtulewicz
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2023;32(4):363-371
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The pars tuberalis (PT) is part of the pituitary that expresses melatonin
receptors, therefore it is suggested that PT mediates the effect of melatonin
on neuroendocrine functions and may be involved in the photoperiodic
regulation of pituitary gland processes. Decoding of the melatonin signalling
in the PT is possible thanks to the expression of circadian clock genes in the
PT cells. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine circadian and
seasonal changes in the expression of biological clock genes in the ewe PT. Two
analogical experiments were performed in different photoperiods: 1 month before
the summer (long-day photoperiod; LD) and winter (short-day photoperiod;
SD) solstice. In each photoperiod, ewes were euthanized after the last blood
collection in the middle of the day (n = 6) or night (n = 6). The expression of the
basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1), casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε),
clock circadian regulator (CLOCK), cryptochrome circadian regulator 2 (CRY2)
and period circadian regulator 1 (PER1) genes in the ovine PT was higher
(P < 0.05) during the day compared to the night regardless of the season. Only
the cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 (CRY1) gene was characterised by
a higher (P < 0.05) nocturnal level of expression during both short and long
day seasons. The expression of melatonin receptor MTNR1A gene was higher
(P < 0.05) during the day in both photoperiodic conditions, and was higher
(P < 0.05) during the SD season. It was demonstrated that the direction of circadian
changes in the expression of clock genes was relatively constant regardless
of the season analysed. However, both diurnal and nocturnal expression of clock
genes was higher in the SD season than in the LD photoperiod. This suggests
that the protein products of the expression of these genes may exert a more
significant effect on the secretory activity of this part of the pituitary gland in the
SD season, but elucidating this relationship requires further in-depth research.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the grant from the
National Science Centre, Poland No. 2016/23/N/
NZ9/02145.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of
interest.
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