It was supposed, that xylene as environmental contaminant and
chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as a medicinal plant may affect ovarian cell functions,
and that chia seed extract could modify the potentially adverse effect of xylene.
So, the aim of our investigation was to study the effect of xylene, extract of
chia seed and their combination on bovine ovarian cell functions (proliferation,
apoptosis and secretory activity) in vitro. Proliferation, apoptosis and the release
of hormones (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), progesterone and testosterone)
were analysed with the use of either immunocytochemistry or EIA/RIA. It was
observed, that xylene when given alone stimulated proliferation and did not
influence the apoptosis. Furthermore, xylene inhibited release of progesterone
and testosterone but did not change the release of IGF-1. Chia seed extract
inhibited proliferation, apoptosis and the release of IGF-1, progesterone and
testosterone. Moreover, chia seed extract suppressed the stimulatory effect
of xylene on proliferation, and added together stimulated apoptosis. The
simultaneous addition of chia seed extract and xylene stimulated IGF-1 release
and inhibited the release of progesterone, but not testosterone. The obtained
results prove a direct effect of both xylene and chia seed extract on bovine
ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis and secretory activity. Moreover, it is the first
study in which chia seed extract was able to suppress xylene effect on ovarian
cell proliferation. However, it prevented only from one xylene effect among five
analysed suggesting that chia seed extract could not be potentially useful for
natural prevention of all negative effects of xylene on reproduction.
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