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REVIEW PAPER
Alternative approaches to antibiotic growth promoters
for sustainable poultry production and food security
1
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
2
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Department of Biology, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
3
The Islamai University of Bahawalpur, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Punjab, Pakistan
4
New Valley University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition,
P.O. Box 72511 El-Kharga, Egypt
5
Zagazig University, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
6
Fayoum University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Production, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
7
Zagazig University, Agriculture Faculty, Poultry Department, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
Publication date: 2026-06-10
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The poultry sector makes a substantial contribution to meeting
global demand for animal-derived food products. Poultry meat and eggs are rich
sources of high-quality protein and essential nutrients, often exceeding other
animal-derived foods. In response to current challenges, various strategies have
been implemented to replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Probiotics,
prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, and phytogenics, including herbs,
essential oils, and oleoresins are the dominant feed additives gaining importance
in poultry production following the ban on AGPs. These additives are widely used
worldwide as sustainable alternatives to traditional growth promoters in poultry
production systems due to their distinctive properties and beneficial effects on
poultry performance and health. They can be readily blended with other meal
components, leave no tissue residues, and support growth and health through
multiple direct and indirect mechanisms. More recently, increasing attention
has focused on sustainable poultry nutrition through the use of antimicrobial
peptides, microalgae, bacteriophages, and insects as antibiotic substitutes for
poultry feed aimed at improving product quality. At present, combining antibiotic
alternatives may represent the most effective approach. This review provides
a comprehensive analysis of natural alternatives to AGPs, their mechanisms of
action, and effects on poultry performance and health.
FUNDING
This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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