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ORIGINAL PAPER
Lactobacillus CNCM I-4622 modulates gut microbiota and restores barrier function in Salmonella-infected Haidong chickens
1
Qilu Normal University, School of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250200, PR China
2
Qinghai University, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, PR China
3
Canada Lallemand Inc, Beijing Office, Beijing, 100102, PR China
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Publication date: 2026-06-24
Corresponding author
KEYWORDS
barrier functioncaecum microbiotaHaidong chickenSalmonella colonizationresistanceLactobacillus CNCM I-4622
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The gastrointestinal tract regulates nutrient absorption and immune homeostasis in poultry. Salmonella infection severely impairs intestinal barrier function, induces systemic inflammation, and disturbs microbial balance, representing a major challenge for the poultry industry. Excessive antibiotic use further contributes to antimicrobial resistance, increasing the demand for safe alternative strategies. Although Lactobacillus confers gut-protective properties, its effects against Salmonella-induced caecal damage in Haidong chickens remain poorly defined. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus CNCM I-4622 on caecal function, inflammation, digestive metabolism, and gut microbiota in Salmonella-challenged Haidong chickens. A Salmonella infection model was established, and birds were allocated to a Salmonella-infected group (SIG), a Lactobacillus CNCM I-4622-treated infected group (LTG), and a normal control group (NDG). Samples were analysed using biochemical assays, histomorphometry, qRT-PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Compared to the SIG group, Lactobacillus CNCM I-4622 significantly increased serum total protein, immunoglobulins A, G and M, and reduced IL-6 levels (P < 0.05). It also enhanced caecal amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and trypsin activities, restored villus height, mucosal thickness, villus/crypt ratio (P < 0.05), and increased the expression of tight-junction and metabolic genes while downregulating proinflammatory-related genes (P < 0.05). Moreover, Lactobacillus CNCM I-4622 significantly increased caecal microbial α-diversity and improved microbial community structure and functional pathways (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus CNCM I-4622 effectively alleviated Salmonella-induced caecal damage, suppressed inflammation, improved digestive function, and stabilised microbial homeostasis in Haidong chickens. These results support Lactobacillus CNCM I-4622 as a promising alternative to antibiotics for maintaining poultry health under pathogenic stress.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful to everyone involved in this study.
FUNDING
This work was funded by the Youth Innovation Team Project Program of Shandong Provincial Education Department (No. 2022KJ137) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2023MC164).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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