ORIGINAL PAPER
Seasonal variation of aflatoxin B1 content in dairy feed
,
 
M. Riaz 1,2
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
 
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
 
2
Sejong University, College of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, 05006 Seoul, Republic of Korea
 
3
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
 
4
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Pathobiology, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
 
5
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur-Pakistan, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, 63000 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
 
 
Publication date: 2017-03-21
 
 
Corresponding author
A. Ismail   

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
 
 
M. Riaz   

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
 
 
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2017;26(1):33-37
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal metabolite and highly carcinogenic compound of category 1 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In the liver AFB1 from contaminated feed is bioconverted into aflatoxin M1 and can be easily diffused to the animal milk. Provision of healthy milk for humans, particularly infants and adults, therefore, entails monitoring of AFB1 level in the feed for dairy animals. In the present study, AFB1 level was monitored in three different types of animal feed comprising commercially available animal feed, fresh fodder and leftover bread fed to dairy animals between October 2014 and September 2015. AFB1 was found in all collected feed samples at the amounts: 30.5%, 2.8% and 88.9% in commercial feed, fresh fodder and leftover bread samples, respectively. All these levels were over the EU permissible limits (5 μg · kg−1). Mean maximum levels of AFB1 were observed in all samples collected in the winter season, whereas the mean minimum levels – in the summer months. The results of the present study indicated that the leftover bread samples and commercial feed contain high levels of AFB1, and so strict measures should be adopted to prevent dairy animal feed and at the same time the animal milk from aflatoxin contamination.
 
REFERENCES (32)
1.
Akande K.E., Abubakar M.M., Adegbola T.A., Bogoro S.E., 2006. Nutritional and health implications of mycotoxins in animal feed: a review. Pak. J. Nutr. 5, 398–403, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.20...
 
2.
Ashraf N.M., Asif A., 2013. Current scenario of aflatoxin burden: a review of Pakistani food chain. J. Public Health Biol. Sci. 2, 324–329
 
3.
Aslam N., Wynn P.C., 2015. Aflatoxin contamination of the milk supply: a Pakistan perspective. Agriculture 5, 1172–1182, https://doi.org/10.3390/agricu...
 
4.
Bagheri T., Moshtaghi H., Boniadian M., 2014. Aflatoxin B1 in feed stuffs of dairy farms in Shahrekord, Iran. J. Nov. Appl. Sci. 3, 1312–1316
 
5.
Bibin Becha B., Devi S.S., 2013. Aflatoxin levels in feeds and feed ingredients of livestock and poultry in Kerala. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 44, 76–78
 
6.
Bilandžić N., Božić Đ., Đokić M., Sedak M., Kolanović B.S., Varenina I., Cvetnić Ž., 2014. Assessment of aflatoxins M1 contamination in the milk of four dairy species in Croatia. Food Control 43, 18–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
7.
Britzi M., Friedman S., Miron J., Solomon R., Cuneah O., Shimshoni J.A., Soback S., Ashkenazi R., Armer S., Shlosberg A., 2013. Carry-over of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin M1 in high yielding Israeli cows in mid- and late-lactation. Toxins 5, 173–183, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins...
 
8.
Chohan K.A., Awan F., Ali M.M., Iqbal U., Ijaz M., 2016. Assessment of aflatoxin in dairy concentrate feeds, total mixed rations, silage and various feed ingredients in Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool. 48, 277–280
 
9.
Eaton D.L., Groopman J.D. (Editors), 1994. The Toxicology of Aflatoxins: Human Health, Veterinary and Agricultural Significance. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA (USA)
 
10.
Fallah A.A., Fazlollahi R., Emami A., 2016. Seasonal study of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of four dairy species in Yazd, Iran. Food Control 68, 77–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
11.
FAO, 2015. FAOSTAT – Food production data base. Available from: http://faostat.fao.org/site/56... [cited 24.02.2015]
 
12.
Golge O., 2014. A survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk produced in Adana province of Turkey. Food Control 45, 150–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
13.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2002. IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Volume 82. Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxines, Naphthalene and Styrene. IARCPress, Lyon (France)
 
14.
Iqbal S.Z., Asi M.R., 2013. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Punjab, Pakistan. Food Control 30, 235–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
15.
Ismail A., Akhtar S., Levin R.E., Ismail T., Riaz M., Amir M., 2016a. Aflatoxin M1: Prevalence and decontamination strategies in milk and milk products. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 42, 418–427, https://doi.org/10.3109/104084...
 
16.
Ismail A., Levin R.E., Riaz M., Akhtar S., Gong Y.Y., de Oliveira C.A.F., 2017. Effect of different microbial concentrations on binding of aflatoxin M1 and stability testing. Food Control 73, 492–496, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
17.
Ismail A., Riaz M., Levin R.E., Akhtar S., Gong Y.Y., Hameed A., 2016b. Seasonal prevalence level of aflatoxin M1 and its estimated daily intake in Pakistan. Food Control 60, 461–465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
18.
Kaleibar M.T., Helan J.A., 2013. A field outbreak of aflatoxicosis with high fatality rate in feedlot calves in Iran. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 22, 1155–1163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580...
 
19.
Kang’ethe E.K., Lang’a K.A., 2009. Aflatoxin B1 and M1 contamination of animal feeds and milk from urban centers in Kenya. Afr. Health Sci. 9, 218–226
 
20.
Karami-Osboo R., Mirabolfathy M., Kamran R., Shetab-Boushehri M., Sarkari S., 2012. Aflatoxin B1 in maize harvested over 3 years in Iran. Food Control 23, 271–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
21.
Ketterer P.J., Williams E.S., Blaney B.J., Connole M.D., 1975. Canine aflatoxicosis. Aust. Vet. J. 51, 355–357, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751...
 
22.
Koc F., Sunnetci S., Coskuntuna A., Coskuntuna L., 2009. Determination of aflatoxin B1 contamination of commercial mixed feeds (for dairy cow) by immunoaffinity column using high performance liquid chromatography. Asian J. Chem. 21, 2755–2760
 
23.
Martins H.M., Guerra M.M.M., Bernardo F.M.A., 2007. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in dairy cow’s feed over 10 years in Portugal (1995–2004). Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 24, 69–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1130-...
 
24.
Mateo E.M., Gil-Serna J., Patiño B., Jiménez M., 2011. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in stored barley grain in Spain and impact of PCR-based strategies to assess the occurrence of aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic Aspergillus spp. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 149, 118–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfo...
 
25.
Miocinovic J., Keskic T., Miloradovic Z., Kos A., Tomasevic I., Pudja P., 2017. The aflatoxin M1 crisis in the Serbian dairy sector: the year after. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill. 10, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1080/193932...
 
26.
Moazenijula G.R., Nowzari N., Kavari A., 2007. Identification of aflatoxin contamination in the milk of cows fed on moldy dry bread as a part of their ration. Iran. J. Toxicol. 1(2), 5
 
27.
Reddy K.R.N., Reddy C.S., Muralidharan K., 2009. Detection of Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin B1 in rice in India. Food Microbiol. 26, 27–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2...
 
28.
Sultana N., Rashid A., Tahira I., Hanif H.U., Hanif N.Q., 2013. Distribution of mycotoxins in compound feed, total mix ration and silage. Pak. Vet. J. 33, 200–204
 
29.
Tomašević I., Petrović J., Jovetić M., Raičević S., Milojević M., Miočinović J., 2015. Two year survey on the occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Serbia. Food Control 56, 64–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food...
 
30.
Ullah H.A., Durrani A.Z., Ijaz M., Javeed A., 2016. Aflatoxin B1 contamination status of concentrate feeds of dairy goats in Lahore, Pakistan. Sarhad J. Agric. 32, 57–61, https://doi.org/10.17582/journ...
 
31.
Var I., Kabak B., 2009. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products consumed in Adana, Turkey. Int. J. Dairy Technol. 62, 15–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471...
 
32.
Whitlow L.W., Heagler W.M. Jr, 2004. The top ten most frequently asked questions about mycotoxins, cattle and dairy food products. In: T.P. Lyons, K.A. Jacques (Editors). Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries. Proceedings of Alltech’s 20th Annual Symposium: Re-Imagining the Feed Industry. Lexington, KY (USA), pp. 231–253
 
 
CITATIONS (17):
1.
Aflatoxin in foodstuffs: Occurrence and recent advances in decontamination
Amir Ismail, Bruna L. Gonçalves, Diane V. de Neeff, Bárbara Ponzilacqua, Carolina F.S.C. Coppa, Henning Hintzsche, Muhammad Sajid, Adriano G. Cruz, Carlos H. Corassin, Carlos A.F. Oliveira
Food Research International
 
2.
Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in raw and processed milk and assessment of daily intake in Lahore, Multan cities of Pakistan
Mateen Ahmad, Muhammad Awais, Shinawar Waseem Ali, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Asif Sultan, Muhammad Shakeel Bashir, Adnan Ishtiaq Chaudhry
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B
 
3.
Usefulness of the analytical control of aflatoxins in feedstuffs for dairy cows for the prevention of aflatoxin M1 in milk
M. Rodríguez-Blanco, A. Ramos, M. Prim, V. Sanchis, S. Marín
Mycotoxin Research
 
4.
Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence, Detection and Toxicological Effects [Working Title]
Nancy Nleya, Lubanza Ngoma, Mulunda Mwanza
 
5.
Aflatoxins in cotton seeds and cotton seed cake from Pakistan
Z. Shar, Om Pirkash, H. Shar, S. Sherazi, S. Mahesar
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B
 
6.
Process optimization for dilute acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of waste wheat bread and its effect on aflatoxin fate and ethanol production
Samane Torabi, Behzad Satari, Seyed Hassan-Beygi
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
 
7.
Aflatoxin Detoxification Using Microorganisms and Enzymes
Yun Guan, Jia Chen, Eugenie Nepovimova, Miao Long, Wenda Wu, Kamil Kuca
Toxins
 
8.
Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy
Carlotta Ceniti, Nicola Costanzo, Anna Spina, Marinella Rodolfi, Bruno Tilocca, Cristian Piras, Domenico Britti, Valeria Morittu
Frontiers in Nutrition
 
9.
Aflatoxins in Food
Amir Ismail, Michael Routledge, Oliveira de, Khalid Hakeem, Candida Shirima
 
10.
Aspergillus flavus and Total Aflatoxins Occurrence in Dairy Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Bovine Milk in Aguascalientes, Mexico
Fernanda Álvarez-Días, Barenca Torres-Parga, Arturo Valdivia-Flores, Teódulo Quezada-Tristán, La Alejos-De, Joaquín Sosa-Ramírez, Erika Rangel-Muñoz
Toxins
 
11.
Aflatoxin contamination in dairy feed during wet and dry seasons in selected rural areas of Sidama zone in Southern Ethiopia
Tefera Wubshet, Elisabeth Gerd, Taye Mestawet, Taye Tolosa
International Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology
 
12.
Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin Contamination, Impact on Health and Food Security, and Management Strategies in Pakistan
Maryam Ajmal, Wendy Bedale, Abida Akram, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Toxins
 
13.
Evaluation of Aflatoxins Levels in Nuts in Selected Military-owned Chain Stores in Tehran, Iran
Mohammadreza Rezaeigolestani, Moghaddam Dabbagh, Ali Misaghi, Mohammad Hashemi
Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion
 
14.
Incidence and Levels of Aflatoxin M1 in Artisanal and Manufactured Cheese in Pernambuco State, Brazil
Isabela Silva, Cruz da, Sher Ali, Lucas Freire, Luzianna Fonseca, Roice Rosim, Carlos Corassin, Rodrigo Oliveira, Carlos Oliveira
Toxins
 
15.
Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin, Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh, Masoud Ahmadnejad-Asl-Gavgani, Aziz Fallah, Khaneghah Mousavi
Toxins
 
16.
Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on In Vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep Diet
zabihollah nemati, Rashid Safari, Namdar Kamrani, Magsoud Besharati, Mohammadreza Sheikhlou
Research on Animal Production
 
17.
Assessment of aflatoxin M1 levels in raw camel milk, cow milk and powdered milk in Algeria
Isra Jedidi, Ahmed Messaï, Sara Redouane-Salah, Saad Mebrek
International Journal of Environmental Studies
 
ISSN:1230-1388
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top