0.917
IF5
1.024
IF
Q2
JCR
0.90
CiteScore
0.385
SJR
Q2
SJR
20
MNiSW
142.18
ICV
Submit your paper
Instructions for Authors Archive
1/2017 vol. 26
<  PREVIOUS NEXT  >
ORIGINAL PAPER
 
CC-BY 4.0
 
 

Seasonal variation of aflatoxin B1 content in dairy feed

A. Ismail 1  ,  
M. Riaz 1, 2  ,  
S. Akhtar 1,  
S.H. Yoo 2,  
S. Park 2,  
M. Abid 3,  
M. Aziz 4,  
Z. Ahmad 5
 
1
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
2
Sejong University, College of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, 05006 Seoul, Republic of Korea
3
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
4
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Pathobiology, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
5
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur-Pakistan, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, 63000 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2017;26(1):33–37
Publish date: 2017-03-21
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/69008/2017
Stats Article (PDF)
Get citation
 
KEYWORDS:
aflatoxins, carcinogenic, Pakistan, leftover bread, dairy feed
ABSTRACT:
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal metabolite and highly carcinogenic compound of category 1 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In the liver AFB1 from contaminated feed is bioconverted into aflatoxin M1 and can be easily diffused to the animal milk. Provision of healthy milk for humans, particularly infants and adults, therefore, entails monitoring of AFB1 level in the feed for dairy animals. In the present study, AFB1 level was monitored in three different types of animal feed comprising commercially available animal feed, fresh fodder and leftover bread fed to dairy animals between October 2014 and September 2015. AFB1 was found in all collected feed samples at the amounts: 30.5%, 2.8% and 88.9% in commercial feed, fresh fodder and leftover bread samples, respectively. All these levels were over the EU permissible limits (5 μg · kg−1). Mean maximum levels of AFB1 were observed in all samples collected in the winter season, whereas the mean minimum levels – in the summer months. The results of the present study indicated that the leftover bread samples and commercial feed contain high levels of AFB1, and so strict measures should be adopted to prevent dairy animal feed and at the same time the animal milk from aflatoxin contamination.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
A. Ismail   
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
M. Riaz   
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
 
REFERENCES:
1. Akande K.E., Abubakar M.M., Adegbola T.A., Bogoro S.E., 2006. Nutritional and health implications of mycotoxins in animal feed: a review. Pak. J. Nutr. 5, 398–403, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2006.398.403
2. Ashraf N.M., Asif A., 2013. Current scenario of aflatoxin burden: a review of Pakistani food chain. J. Public Health Biol. Sci. 2, 324–329
3. Aslam N., Wynn P.C., 2015. Aflatoxin contamination of the milk supply: a Pakistan perspective. Agriculture 5, 1172–1182, https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5041172
4. Bagheri T., Moshtaghi H., Boniadian M., 2014. Aflatoxin B1 in feed stuffs of dairy farms in Shahrekord, Iran. J. Nov. Appl. Sci. 3, 1312–1316
5. Bibin Becha B., Devi S.S., 2013. Aflatoxin levels in feeds and feed ingredients of livestock and poultry in Kerala. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 44, 76–78
6. Bilandžić N., Božić Đ., Đokić M., Sedak M., Kolanović B.S., Varenina I., Cvetnić Ž., 2014. Assessment of aflatoxins M1 contamination in the milk of four dairy species in Croatia. Food Control 43, 18–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.044
7. Britzi M., Friedman S., Miron J., Solomon R., Cuneah O., Shimshoni J.A., Soback S., Ashkenazi R., Armer S., Shlosberg A., 2013. Carry-over of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin M1 in high yielding Israeli cows in mid- and late-lactation. Toxins 5, 173–183, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5010173
8. Chohan K.A., Awan F., Ali M.M., Iqbal U., Ijaz M., 2016. Assessment of aflatoxin in dairy concentrate feeds, total mixed rations, silage and various feed ingredients in Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool. 48, 277–280
9. Eaton D.L., Groopman J.D. (Editors), 1994. The Toxicology of Aflatoxins: Human Health, Veterinary and Agricultural Significance. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA (USA)
10. Fallah A.A., Fazlollahi R., Emami A., 2016. Seasonal study of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of four dairy species in Yazd, Iran. Food Control 68, 77–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.018
11. FAO, 2015. FAOSTAT – Food production data base. Available from: http://faostat.fao.org/site/569/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=569#ancor [cited 24.02.2015]
12. Golge O., 2014. A survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk produced in Adana province of Turkey. Food Control 45, 150–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.04.039
13. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2002. IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Volume 82. Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxines, Naphthalene and Styrene. IARCPress, Lyon (France)
14. Iqbal S.Z., Asi M.R., 2013. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Punjab, Pakistan. Food Control 30, 235–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.06.026
15. Ismail A., Akhtar S., Levin R.E., Ismail T., Riaz M., Amir M., 2016a. Aflatoxin M1: Prevalence and decontamination strategies in milk and milk products. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 42, 418–427, https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2014.958051
16. Ismail A., Levin R.E., Riaz M., Akhtar S., Gong Y.Y., de Oliveira C.A.F., 2017. Effect of different microbial concentrations on binding of aflatoxin M1 and stability testing. Food Control 73, 492–496, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.040
17. Ismail A., Riaz M., Levin R.E., Akhtar S., Gong Y.Y., Hameed A., 2016b. Seasonal prevalence level of aflatoxin M1 and its estimated daily intake in Pakistan. Food Control 60, 461–465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.025
18. Kaleibar M.T., Helan J.A., 2013. A field outbreak of aflatoxicosis with high fatality rate in feedlot calves in Iran. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 22, 1155–1163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-012-1543-1
19. Kang’ethe E.K., Lang’a K.A., 2009. Aflatoxin B1 and M1 contamination of animal feeds and milk from urban centers in Kenya. Afr. Health Sci. 9, 218–226
20. Karami-Osboo R., Mirabolfathy M., Kamran R., Shetab-Boushehri M., Sarkari S., 2012. Aflatoxin B1 in maize harvested over 3 years in Iran. Food Control 23, 271–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.06.007
21. Ketterer P.J., Williams E.S., Blaney B.J., Connole M.D., 1975. Canine aflatoxicosis. Aust. Vet. J. 51, 355–357, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1975.tb15946.x
22. Koc F., Sunnetci S., Coskuntuna A., Coskuntuna L., 2009. Determination of aflatoxin B1 contamination of commercial mixed feeds (for dairy cow) by immunoaffinity column using high performance liquid chromatography. Asian J. Chem. 21, 2755–2760
23. Martins H.M., Guerra M.M.M., Bernardo F.M.A., 2007. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in dairy cow’s feed over 10 years in Portugal (1995–2004). Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 24, 69–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1130-1406(07)70017-7
24. Mateo E.M., Gil-Serna J., Patiño B., Jiménez M., 2011. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in stored barley grain in Spain and impact of PCR-based strategies to assess the occurrence of aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic Aspergillus spp. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 149, 118–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.06.006
25. Miocinovic J., Keskic T., Miloradovic Z., Kos A., Tomasevic I., Pudja P., 2017. The aflatoxin M1 crisis in the Serbian dairy sector: the year after. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill. 10, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2016.1210243
26. Moazenijula G.R., Nowzari N., Kavari A., 2007. Identification of aflatoxin contamination in the milk of cows fed on moldy dry bread as a part of their ration. Iran. J. Toxicol. 1(2), 5
27. Reddy K.R.N., Reddy C.S., Muralidharan K., 2009. Detection of Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin B1 in rice in India. Food Microbiol. 26, 27–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2008.07.013
28. Sultana N., Rashid A., Tahira I., Hanif H.U., Hanif N.Q., 2013. Distribution of mycotoxins in compound feed, total mix ration and silage. Pak. Vet. J. 33, 200–204
29. Tomašević I., Petrović J., Jovetić M., Raičević S., Milojević M., Miočinović J., 2015. Two year survey on the occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Serbia. Food Control 56, 64–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.017
30. Ullah H.A., Durrani A.Z., Ijaz M., Javeed A., 2016. Aflatoxin B1 contamination status of concentrate feeds of dairy goats in Lahore, Pakistan. Sarhad J. Agric. 32, 57–61, https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2016/32.2.57.61
31. Var I., Kabak B., 2009. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products consumed in Adana, Turkey. Int. J. Dairy Technol. 62, 15–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00440.x
32. Whitlow L.W., Heagler W.M. Jr, 2004. The top ten most frequently asked questions about mycotoxins, cattle and dairy food products. In: T.P. Lyons, K.A. Jacques (Editors). Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries. Proceedings of Alltech’s 20th Annual Symposium: Re-Imagining the Feed Industry. Lexington, KY (USA), pp. 231–253
Send email
Copy url
Share
 
 
Related articles
Indexes
 
Keywords index
Topics index
Authors index
ISSN:1230-1388
Creating new databases of archival papers in modern technology, assigning DOI numbers, language correction of manuscripts, creating new databases of reviewers, introduction of anti-plagiarism detection and improvement of publishing process of Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences are financed in the years 2016-2017 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from the founds for science popularization activities, Contract No. 730/P-DUN/2016.
Copyright © 2006-2017 Bentus All rights reserved.