0.857
IF5
0.900
IF
Q3
JCR
0.92
CiteScore
0.405
SJR
Q2
SJR
20
MNiSW
165.24
ICV
Submit your paper
Instructions for Authors Archive
4/2017 vol. 26
NEXT
REVIEW PAPER
 
CC-BY 4.0
 
 

Effects of turmeric rhizome powder and curcumin in poultry production. A review

J. L. Guil-Guerrero 1, 2  ,  
L. Ramos 3,  
J. C. Zúñiga Paredes 2,  
M. Carlosama-Yépez 2,  
C. Moreno 2,  
P. Ruales 2
 
1
University of Almería, Department of Agronomy, 04120 Almería, Spain
2
Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, km 141/2 Tumbaco, Ecuador
3
Equinoccial Technological University, Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Industries, Food Research Centre, EC171029 Quito, Ecuador
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2017;26(4):293–302
Publish date: 2017-11-07
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/78511/2017
Stats Article (PDF)
Get citation
References (82)
 
KEYWORDS:
turmeric powder, curcumin, poultry production, bird’s health
TOPICS:
bio-active compounds, immunology, organic farming, poultry, herbs, feed additives, mycotoxins
ABSTRACT:
Nowadays, alternative feed supplements enhancing bird health are sought by poultry producers. Among different herbs and supplements, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which contains bioactive secondary metabolites as curcuminoids, has been successfully used as a suitable feed supplement for poultry. It induces a wide range of positive actions in birds, namely: 1. improvement of several haematological and biochemical indicators, 2. increase of antibody titers after vaccination (e.g., against Newcastle disease), 3. diminishment of heat stress by different mechanisms, 4. prevention from harmful effects of aflatoxins consumed together with diet, 5. increase of antioxidant activity of several organs (e.g., spleen), 6. decrease in some potentially pathogenic bacteria counts, i.e. Escherichia coli, in the ileal content of the farmed laying hens. The aim of this review is to describe and analyse the use of turmeric as feed supplement for birds and its influence on animal health.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
J. L. Guil-Guerrero   
University of Almería, Department of Agronomy, 04120 Almería, Spain
 
REFERENCES (82):
1. Abou-Elkhair R., Ahmed H.A., Selim S., 2014. Effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) and coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) and their combinations as feed additives on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 27, 847–854, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2....
2. Ahmad N., Fazal H., Abbasi B.H., Farooq S., Ali M., Khan M.A., 2012. Biological role of Piper nigrum L. (black pepper): a review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2, S1945–S1953, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-....
3. Ahmadi F., 2010. Effect of turmeric (Curcumin longa) powder on performance, oxidative stress state and some of blood parameters in broiler fed on diets containing aflatoxin B1. Glob. Vet. 5, 312–317.
4. Akbarian A., Golian A., Kermanshahi H., Gilani A., Moradi S., 2012. Influence of turmeric rhizome and black pepper on blood constituents and performance of broiler chickens. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11, 8606–8611.
5. Akhavan-Salamat H., Ghasemi H.A., 2016. Alleviation of chronic heat stress in broilers by dietary supplementation of betaine and turmeric rhizome powder: dynamics of performance, leukocyte profile, humoral immunity, and antioxidant status. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 48, 181–188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250....
6. AL-Sultan S.I., Gameel A.A., 2004. Histopathological changes in the livers of broiler chicken supplemented with turmeric (Curcuma longa). Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3, 333–336, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2....
7. Ali S., Mukhtar M., Manzoor S., Hssain Z., Ali A., Tabassum R., Imran M., Amer M.Y., Bhatti N., 2014. Effect of garlic, black seed and turmeric on the growth of broiler chicken. Pak. J. Nutr. 13, 204–210, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.20....
8. Amalraj A., Pius A., Gopi S., Gopi S., 2017. Biological activities of curcuminoids, other biomolecules from turmeric and their derivatives – a review. J. Tradit. Complement. Med. 7, 205–233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcm....
9. Arshami J., Pilevar M., Azghadi M.A., Raji A.R., 2013. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of curcumin on blood parameters, humoral immunity, and jejunum histology in Hy-line hens. Avicenna J. Phytomed. 3, 178–185.
10. Ashayerizadeh O., Dastar B., Shams Shargh M., Rahmatnejad E., Ashayerizadeh A., 2009. Influence of prebiotic and two herbal additives on interior organs and hematological indices of broilers. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8, 1851–1855.
11. Ayoub M.M., El-Far A.H., Taha N.M., Korshom M.A., Mandour A.A., Abdel-Hamid H.S., El-Neweshy M.S., 2011. The biochemical protective role of some herbs against aflatoxicosis in ducklings: I. Turmeric. Lucrări Ştiinţifice Ser. Zooteh. 55, 150–159.
12. Bonafos L., Simonin D., Gavinelli A., 2010. Animal welfare: European legislation and future perspectives. J. Vet. Med. Educ. 37, 26–29, https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.3....
13. Braun E.J., Sweazea K.L., 2008. Glucose regulation in birds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 151, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb....
14. Chassagnez-Méndez A.L., Machado N.T., Araujo M.E., Maia J.G., Meireles M.A.A., 2000. Supercritical CO2 extraction of curcumins and essential oil from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39, 4729–4733, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0001....
15. Chattopadhyay I., Biswas K., Bandyopadhyay U., Banerjee R.K., 2004. Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. Curr. Sci. 87, 44–53.
16. Chen D.-Y., Shien J.-H., Tiley L., Chiou S.-S., Wang S.-Y., Chang T.-J., Lee Y.-J. Chan K.-W., Hsu W.-L., 2010. Curcumin inhibits influenza virus infection and haemagglutination activity. Food Chem. 119, 1346–1351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food....
17. Corzo-Martínez M., Corzo N., Villamiel M., 2007. Biological properties of onions and garlic. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 18, 609–625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs....
18. da Rocha M.E.B., Freire F.D.C.O., Maia F.E.F., Guedes M.I.F., Rondina D., 2014. Mycotoxins and their effects on human and animal health. Food Control 36, 159–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food....
19. Daneshyar M., Ghandkanlo M.A., Bayeghra F.S., Farhangpajhoh F., Aghaei M., 2011. Effects of dietary turmeric supplementation on plasma lipoproteins, meat quality and fatty acid composition in broilers. S. Afr. J. Anim Sci. 41, 420–428, https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.....
20. Emadi M., Kermanshahi H., 2007. Effect of turmeric rhizome powder on activity of some blood enzymes in broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 6, 48–51, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2....
21. Emadi M., Kermanshahi H., Maroufyan E., 2007. Effect of varying levels of turmeric rhizome powder on some blood parameters of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal based diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 6, 345–348, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2....
22. Éclache D., Etienne P., Noirot V., 2011. Effect of dietary antioxidant with controlled release on the performances of cold stressed broiler. In: Proceedings of the 9th Poultry Research Days. Tours (France). World’s Poultry Science Association (WPSA). Beekbergen (the Netherlands), pp. 29–30.
23. Faghani M., Rafiee A., Namjoo A.R., Rahimian Y., 2014. Performance, cholesterol profile and intestinal microbial population in broilers fed turmeric extract. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci. 4, 500–503.
24. Hosseini-Vashan S. J., Golian A., Yaghobfar A., 2015. Effects of turmeric rhizome powder and source of oil in diet on blood metabolites, immune system and antioxidant status in heat stressed broiler chickens. J. Livest. Sci. Technol. 3, 13–20.
25. Hosseini-Vashan S.J., Golian A., Yaghobfar A., Zarban A., Afzali N., Esmaeilinasab P., 2012. Antioxidant status, immune system, blood metabolites and carcass characteristic of broiler chickens fed turmeric rhizome powder under heat stress. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11, 16118–16125, https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.....
26. Huang M.-T., Lysz T., Ferraro T., Abidi T.F., Laskin J.D., Conney A.H., 1991. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res. 51, 813–819.
27. Jobin C., Bradham C.A., Russo M.P., Juma B., Narula A.S., Brenner D.A., Sartor R.B., 1999. Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-κB activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-κB kinase activity. J. Immunol. 163, 3474–3483.
28. Jurenka J.S., 2009. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern. Med. Rev.14, 141–153.
29. Kermanshahi H., Riasi A., 2006. Effect of turmeric rhizome powder (Curcuma longa) and soluble NSP degrading enzyme on some blood parameters of laying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 494–498, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2....
30. Khan R.U., Naz S., Javdani M., Nikousefat Z., Selvaggi M., Tufarelli V., Laudadio V., 2012. The use of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in poultry feed. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 68, 97–103, https://doi.org/10.1017/S00439....
31. Kilany O.E., Mahmoud M.M., 2014. Turmeric and exogenous enzyme supplementation improve growth performance and immune status of Japanese quail. Worlds Vet. J. 4, 20–29, https://doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20....
32. Kim D.K., Lillehoj H.S., Lee S.H., Jang S.I., Bravo D., 2010. Highthroughput gene expression analysis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes after oral feeding of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, or Capsicum oleoresin. Poult. Sci. 89, 68–81, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.200....
33. Kumari P., Gupta M.K., Ranjan R., Singh K.K., Yadava R., 2007. Curcuma longa as feed additive in broiler bird and its patho-physiological effects. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 45, 272–277.
34. Landers T.F., Cohen B., Wittum T.E., Larson E.L., 2012. A review of antibiotic use in food animals: perspective, policy, and potential. Public Health Rep. 127, 4–22, https://doi.org/10.1177/003335....
35. Laurent S.M., Sanders R.N., 1988. U.S. Patent No. 4,759,932: Method of reducing heat stress in animals. United States Patent and Trademark Office. Alexandria, VA (USA).
36. Lee S.H., Lillehoj H.S., Jang S.I., Kim D.K., Ionescu C., Bravo D., 2010. Effect of dietary Curcuma, Capsicum, and Lentinus on enhancing local immunity against Eimeria acervulina infection. J. Poult. Sci. 47, 89–95, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0....
37. Lee S.H., Lillehoj H.S., Jang S.I., Lillehoj E.P., Min W., Bravo D.M., 2013. Dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with Capsicum and turmeric oleoresins increases resistance to necrotic enteritis. Br. J. Nutr. 110, 840–847, https://doi.org/10.1017/S00071....
38. Lin H., Jiao H.C., Buyse J., Decuypere E., 2006. Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry. Worlds Poult. Sci J. 62, 71–86, https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS200....
39. Mahejabin N., Mostofa M., Akter F., Das S., Alam M., 2015. Effects of neem, turmeric and papaya leaf extract mixture on growth performance of broilers. Int. J. Nat. Soc. Sci. 2, 17–21.
40. Main D.C.J., 2009. Application of welfare assessment to commercial livestock production. J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. 12, 97–104, https://doi.org/10.1080/108887....
41. Malekizadeh M., Moeini M.M., Ghazi S., 2012. The effects of different levels of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) and turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) rhizomes powder on some blood metabolites and production performance characteristics of laying hens. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 14, 127–134.
42. Mehala C., Moorthy M., 2008. Effect of Aloe vera and Curcuma longa (turmeric) on carcass characteristics and biochemical parameters of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7, 857–861, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2....
43. Mirbod M., Mahdavi A.H., Samie A.-H., Mehri M., 2017. Effects of Curcuma longa rhizome powder on egg quality, performance, and some physiological indices of laying hens fed different levels of metabolizable energy. J. Sci. Food Agric. 97, 1286–1294, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7....
44. Mirunalini S., Krishnaveni M., 2010. Therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): the ayurvedic wonder. J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 21, 93–105, https://doi.org/10.1515/JBCPP.....
45. Moomivand H., Bassami M.R., Faramarzi S., Stabraghi E., Ghaedi A., Ghabel H., Zarghami A., Banaei M., 2013. Serological and clinical survey of Newcastle disease in broiler chickens of east Azarbayjan by HI tests. Eur. J. Exp. Biol. 3, 311–314.
46. Musa H.H., Chen G.H., Cheng J.H., Yousif G.M., 2007. Relation between abdominal fat and serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein concentrations in chicken breeds. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 31, 375–379.
47. Nayaka H.B.S., Umakantha B., Ruban S.W., Murthy H.N.N., Narayanaswamy H.D., 2013. Performance and hematological parameters of broilers fed neem, turmeric, vitamin e and their combinations. Emir. J. Food Agric. 25, 483–488, https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v....
48. Nouzarian R., Tabeidian S.A., Toghyani M., Ghalamkari G., Toghyani M., 2011. Effect of turmeric powder on performance, carcass traits, humoral immune responses, and serum metabolites in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 20, 389–400, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
49. Ognik K., Krauze M., 2016. The potential for using enzymatic assays to assess the health of turkeys. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 72, 535–550, https://doi.org/10.1017/S00439....
50. Ohtsu H., Yamazaki M., Abe H., Murakami H., Toyomizu M., 2015. Heat stress modulates cytokine gene expression in the spleen of broiler chickens. J. Poultry Sci. 52, 282–287, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0....
51. Palaniappan K., Holley R.A., 2010. Use of natural antimicrobials to increase antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant bacteria. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 140, 164–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfo....
52. Patel S., Goyal A., 2011. Functional oligosaccharides: production, properties and applications. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27, 1119–1128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274....
53. Prakash P., Gupta N., 2005. Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 49, 125–131.
54. Price K.R., Guerin M.T., Newman L., Hargis B.M., Barta J.R., 2013. Examination of a novel practical poultry management method to enhance the effect of live Eimeria vaccination for conventionally housed replacement layer pullets. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 12, 175–184, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2....
55. Qasem M.A.A., Alhajj M.S., Ger El Nabi A.R., Al-Mufarrej S.I., 2015. Effect of turmeric powder as a dietary supplement on performance indicators and immune responses in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 14, 30–35.
56. Rajput N., Muhammad N., Yan R., Zhong X., Wang T., 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of curcumin on growth performance, intestinal morphology and nutrients utilization of broiler chicks. J. Poult. Sci. 50, 44–52, https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0....
57. Ravindran P.N., Nirmal Babu K., Sivaraman K., 2007. Turmeric, the Genus Curcuma. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL (USA).
58. Rawal S., Kim J.E., Coulombe R. Jr., 2010. Aflatoxin B1 in poultry: toxicology, metabolism and prevention. Res. Vet. Sci. 89, 325–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc....
59. Riasi A., Kermanshahi H., Mahdavi A.H., 2012. Production performance, egg quality and some serum metabolites of older commercial laying hens fed different levels of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) powder. J. Med. Plants Res. 6, 2141–2145, https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11....
60. Sahin K., Orhan C., Tuzcu Z., Tuzcu M., Sahin N., 2012. Curcumin ameliorates heat stress via inhibition of oxidative stress and modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in quail. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50, 4035–4041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.....
61. Salem M.L., 2005. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. Int. Immunopharmacol. 5, 1749–1770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inti....
62. Samarasinghe K., Wenk C., Silva K.F.S.T., Gunasekera J.M.D.M., 2003. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) root powder and mannanoligosaccharides as alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 16, 1495–1500, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2....
63. Santoso U., Kususiyah K., Suharyanto S., 2015. The effect of Sauropus androgynus leaves extract plus turmeric powder on fat deposition, carcass quality and blood profile in broilers fed low protein diets. J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric. 40, 121–130, https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa....
64. Saraswati T.R., Manalu W., Ekastuti D.R., Kusumorini N., 2013. Increased egg production of Japanese quail (Cortunix japonica) by improving liver function through turmeric powder supplementation. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 12, 601–614, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2....
65. Sharma J.M., 1991. Overview of the avian immune system. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 30, 13–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2....
66. Simaraks S., Chinrasri O., Aengwanich W., 2004. Hematological, electrolyte and serum biochemical values of the Thai indigenous chickens (Gallus domesticus) in northeastern, Thailand. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol, 26, 425–430.
67. Singh V.S., Palod J., Shukla P K., Kumar R.R., 2009. Influence of turmeric with alum on growth performance, haematological and parasitological parameters of broilers experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria species. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Manag. 25, 66–69.
68. Sogi D.S., Sharma S., Oberoi D.P.S., Wani I.A., 2010. Effect of extraction parameters on curcumin yield from turmeric. J. Food Sci. Technol. 47, 300–304, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197....
69. Sugiharto S., Isroli I., Widiastuti E., Prabowo N.S., 2011. Effect of turmeric extract on blood parameters, feed efficiency and abdominal fat content in broilers. J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric. 36, 21–26, https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa....
70. Swathi B., Gupta P.S.P., Nagalakshmi D., 2012b. Effect of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on broiler performance and blood constituents during heat stress in broilers. Int. J. Pharm. Bio Sci. 3, 446–453.
71. Swathi B., Gupta P.S.P., Nagalakshmi D., Reddy A.R., 2012a. Effect of herbals tulsi and turmeric on cortisol, enzymatic and biochemical constituents in serum of heat stressed broilers. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 29, 284–286.
72. Tirupathi Reddy E., Sudhakar Reddy P., Ramya P., Nagaraja Kumari K., 2012. Effect of supplementation of amla, tulsi and turmeric on bio-chemical parameters and immune responses in broilers. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 47, 114–117.
73. Tsahar E., Arad Z., Izhaki I., Guglielmo C.G., 2006. The relationship between uric acid and its oxidative product allantoin: a potential indicator for the evaluation of oxidative stress in birds. J. Comp. Physiol. B 176, 653–661, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360....
74. Van Boeckel T.P., Brower C., Gilbert M., Grenfell B.T., Levin S.A., Robinson T.P., Laxminarayan R., 2015. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 5649–5654, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1....
75. Wang D., Huang H., Zhou L., Li W., Zhou H., Hou G., Liu J., Hu L., 2015. Effects of dietary supplementation with turmeric rhizome extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capability, and meat quality of Wenchang broiler chickens. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 14, 344–349, https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2....
76. Wangensteen H., Samuelsen A.B., Malterud K.E., 2004. Antioxidant activity in extracts from coriander. Food Chem. 88, 293–297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food....
77. WHO (World Health Organization), 2012. The Evolving Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance. Options for Action. WHO. Geneva (Switzerland).
78. Yarru L.P., Settivari R.S., Gowda N.K.S., Antoniou E., Ledoux D.R., Rottinghaus G.E., 2009. Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the expression of hepatic genes associated with biotransformation, antioxidant, and immune systems in broiler chicks fed aflatoxin. Poult. Sci. 88, 2620–2627, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.200....
79. Yue G.G.L., Chan B.C.L., Hon P.-M., Kennelly E.J., Yeung S.K., Cassileth B.R., Fung K.-P., Leung P.-C., Lau C.B.S., 2010a. Immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharide extract isolated from Curcuma longa. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 47, 342–347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbi....
80. Yue G.G.L., Chan B.C.L., Hon P.-M., Lee M.Y.H., Fung K.-P., Leung P.-C., Lau C.B.S., 2010b. Evaluation of in vitro antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities of compounds isolated from Curcuma longa. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48, 2011–2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.....
81. Zeinali A., Kermanshahi H., Riasi A., Farhangfar H., Sarir H., Ziaie H., 2011. Effects of sodium selenite and turmeric powder on thyroid hormones and plasma lipids of broiler chickens reared under heat stress condition. Glob. Vet. 6, 237–240.
82. Zhang D., Luo J.-y., Dan Y.A.N., Cheng J.I.N., Dong X.-p., Xiao X.-h., 2012. Effects of two curcuminoids on Candida albicans. Chin. Herb. Med. 4, 205–212, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn....
Send by email
Copy url
Share
 
 
Related articles
Indexes
 
Keywords index
Topics index
Authors index
ISSN:1230-1388
Assigning DOI numbers, introducing articles from supplements and recent publications to POL-index database, maintaining anti-plagiarism detection, electronic system to proceed manuscripts and webpage of the Journal with interactive pdf files, and language correction of manuscripts published in Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences are financed in the years 2018–2019 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from the funds for science popularization activities, Agreement No. 631/P-DUN/2018.
Copyright © 2006-2019 Bentus All rights reserved.