ORIGINAL PAPER
Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs for giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) in German zoos
| 1 | University of Bonn, Institute of Animal Science, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany |
| 2 | University of Göttingen, Department of Animal Sciences, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
K.-H. Südekum
University of Bonn, Institute of Animal Science, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
University of Bonn, Institute of Animal Science, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
Publication date: 2016-05-19
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2016;25(2):134–144
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritive value of feedstuffs
for giraffes in zoos. In total, 196 samples of six categories of forage (n = 111) and
eight categories of non-forage feedstuffs (n = 85) were analysed for chemical
composition and in vitro gas production (GP). Lucerne hay as main forage source
showed a stable average quality (mean ± standard deviation: crude protein
179 ± 19 g · kg–1 dry matter (DM); metabolizable energy 8.9 ± 0.6 MJ · kg–1 DM)
and its fibre fraction content was the most similar to browse leaves. Depending
on the type, browse showed large variation in composition and fermentation.
Supplementation of polyethylene glycol as tannin-binding agent, led to a significant
increase of GP in leaves and bark. According to application, non-forage
feeds differed in energy and crude protein contents, and fibre fractions. The
chemical composition and GP of dehydrated lucerne pellets were very similar
to lucerne hay, whereas other compound feeds were balanced. Characteristics
of sugar beet pulp would ensure a beneficial fermentation when compared to
other high-energy feedstuffs. A dietary substitution of fruits and vegetables with
sugar beet pulp led to less distinct peaks in the theoretical GP of whole rations
over 24 h. Available nutritive recommendations for giraffes in captivity were generally
confirmed; however, the protein delivering capacity of lucerne hay was
suspected to be undervalued. Comprehensive analyses of leaves and bark
resulted in additional information on temperate browse.
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