ORIGINAL PAPER
Utilisation of slow-release non-protein nitrogen produced
from agro-industrial by-products: feed digestibility
and ruminal parameters
1
University of Tabriz, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
2
Université Laval, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Quebec City, G1V 0A6 Quebec, Canada
3
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
4
Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition Sciences, TR 10200, Balikesir, Turkey
5
University of Tabriz, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources , Department of Animal Science, Ahar, Iran
6
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Nutrition,
54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Publication date: 2022-12-18
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2023;32(1):76-84
KEYWORDS
agro-industrial co-productsgas productionin vitro disappearancelactosylurearuminal parametersslow release NPN
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Over the past few years, air and surface water pollution with
nitrogen from agro-industrial waste has become a global environmental
concern. Generally, these discards have nutritional value and could be utilised
inexpensively for various purposes. The study involved two different phases:
1) production of lactosylurea from agro-industrial by-products and 2) evaluation
of the nutritive value of lactosylurea as a non-protein nitrogen source in the
ruminant diet, including its effect on feed digestibility and ruminal parameters.
The gas production test and in vitro disappearance method were used to
describe the digestion kinetics of both dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP)
in the four experimental treatments. Protozoan count and total volatile fatty acid
concentration were utilised to evaluate ruminal parameters. The treatments
were as follows: 1) basal diet + urea (BDU), 2) basal diet + lactosylurea (BDL),
3) basal diet + concentrated lactosylurea (BDCL), 4) basal diet + slow-release
non-protein nitrogen (Optigen) (BDO). According to our findings, gas produced,
DM, and CP disappearance were significantly higher in the BDCL and BDO
experimental treatments than in the other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover,
estimated levels of metabolisable energy, digestible organic matter and short
chain fatty acids were significantly higher for the same treatments (P < 0.05).
The number of protozoa (2.66 × 106 organism/ml) and total volatile fatty acid
concentration (30.96 mmol/l) were significantly lower in urea treatment compared
to others (P < 0.05). In conclusion, lactosylurea produced from agro-industrial
by-products seems to be a good alternative for urea or Optigen that additionally
reduces environmental contamination by agro-industrial waste.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank the executive personnel of the
Advanced Animal Nutrition and Digestion Laboratories
of the University of Tabriz and the Tabriz
Industrial Slaughterhouse.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the University of
Tabriz, International and Academic Cooperation
Directorate, under the TabrizU-300 program.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of
interest.
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