ORIGINAL PAPER
Time-dependent effect of inflammation on the gene expression
of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors at the different
levels of the somatotropic axis in ewe
1
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering,
Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
2
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Animal Biotechnology, and Fisheries,
31-120 Krakow, Poland
Publication date: 2023-11-30
Corresponding author
M. Wójcik
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Genetic Engineering, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2023;32(4):400-412
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Pituitary-hypothalamic-somatotropic (HPS) axis plays a key
regulatory role in the metabolic and physiological processes in mammals. It is
considered that inflammatory mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines,
whose receptors are widespread at the different levels of the HPS axis, may
be responsible for disturbing this axis activity. Our study was carried out to
determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on the
expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors
in the organs belonging to the HPS axis. In vivo studies were carried out on
ewes (n = 36) divided randomly into 3 time-dependent groups (n = 12; each).
Each time group was divided into two subgroups: control (saline-treated; n = 6)
and intravenously treated with LPS (400 ng/kg; n = 6). Animals were euthanized
1.5 h, 3 h, or 9 h after LPS injection; and the fragments of the dorsomedial
hypothalamus and mediobasal hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and liver were
collected. The relative gene expression encoding IL1B, IL1R1, IL1R2, IL6,
IL6R, IL6ST, TNF, TNFRSF1A, and TNFRSF1B was determined with real-time
PCR. Our experiment showed that LPS-induced inflammation modulates the
gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1B, IL6, and TNF and
their corresponding receptor at the different levels of the HPS axis in sheep
at the time-dependent manner. Because these cytokines are known as potent
modulators of the secretion of hormones and neurohormones, the paracrine
action of these locally synthesized cytokines may disturb the activity of the HPS
axis; however, it requires further deep-in research.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the funds granted
by the National Science Centre, Poland, PRELUDIUM
project with registration number: 2017/25/N/
NZ9/01473.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of
interest.
REFERENCES (89)
1.
Al-Shanti N., Stewart C.E., 2012. Inhibitory effects of IL-6 on IGF-1 activity in skeletal myoblasts could be mediated by the activation of SOCS-3. J. Cell. Biochem. 113, 923–933, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.23....
2.
Anwar A., Zahid A.A., Scheidegger K.J., Brink M., Delafontaine P., 2002. Tumor necrosis factor-α regulates insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 expression in vascular smooth muscle. Circulation 105, 1220–1225, https://doi.org/10.1161/hc1002....
3.
Arzt E., 2001. gp130 cytokine signaling in the pituitary gland: a paradigm for cytokine-neuro-endocrine pathways. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 1729–1733, https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI200....
4.
Barbieri M., Ferrucci L., Ragno E. et al., 2003. Chronic inflammation and the effect of IGF-I on muscle strength and power in older persons. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284, E481–E487, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpend....
5.
Blanchard F., Duplomb L., Baud’huin M., Brounais B., 2009. The dual role of IL-6-type cytokines on bone remodeling and bone tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 20, 19–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto....
6.
Brade H. (Editor), 1999. Endotoxin in Health and Disease. Marcel Dekker. CRC Press, LLC. Boca Raton, FL (USA).
7.
Briard N., Dadoun F., Pommier G., Sauze N., Lebouc Y., Oliver C., Dutour A., 2000. IGF-I/IGFBPs system response to endotoxin challenge in sheep. J. Endocrinol. 164, 361–369, https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.....
8.
Brooks A.J., Waters M.J., 2010. The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of activation and clinical implications. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 6, 515–525, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo....
9.
Colson A., Willems B., Thissen J., 2003. Inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline does not prevent endotoxininduced decrease in serum IGF-I. J. Endocrinol. 178, 101–109, https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.....
10.
Copeland S., Warren H.S., Lowry S.F., Calvano S.E., Remick D., 2005. Acute inflammatory response to endotoxin in mice and humans. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 12, 60–67, https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.1....
11.
Córdoba-Chacón J., Gahete M.D., Culler M.D., Castaño J.P., Kineman R.D., Luque R.M., 2012. Somatostatin dramatically stimulates growth hormone release from primate somatotrophs acting at low doses via somatostatin receptor 5 and cyclic AMP: direct effects of somatostatin on GH release. J. Neuroendocrinol. 24, 453–463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365....
12.
Cui Y., Riedlinger G., Miyoshi K., Tang W., Li C., Deng C.-X., Robinson G.W., Hennighausen L., 2004. Inactivation of Stat5 in mouse mammary epithelium during pregnancy reveals distinct functions in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 8037–8047, https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.24....
13.
Daniel J.A., Elsasser T.H., Martínez A., Steele B., Whitlock B.K., Sartin J.L., 2005. Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α mediation of endotoxin action on growth hormone. Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. 289, E650–E657, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpend....
14.
Dinarello C.A., 2009. Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 519–550, https://doi.org/10.1146/annure....
15.
Ding B., Yin N., Liu Y., Cardenas-Garcia J., Evanson R., Orsak T., Fan M., Turin G., Savage P.B., 2004. Origins of cell selectivity of cationic steroid antibiotics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 13642–13648, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0469....
16.
Fonseca J.E., Santos M.J., Canhão, H., Choy, E., 2009. Interleukin-6 as a key player in systemic inflammation and joint destruction. Autoimmun. Rev. 8, 538–542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autr....
17.
Fry C.L., Gunter D.R., McMahon C.D., Steele B., Sartin J.L., 1998. Cytokine-mediated growth hormone release from cultured ovine pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology. 68, 192–200, https://doi.org/10.1159/000054....
18.
Gabay C., Lamacchia C., Palmer G., 2010. IL-1 pathways in inflammation and human diseases. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 6, 232–241, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheu....
19.
Gabellec M.-M., Griffais R., Fillion G., Haour F., 1995. Expression of interleukin 1α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist mRNA in mouse brain: Regulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Mol. Brain Res. 31, 122–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-3....
20.
Giustina A., Veldhuis J.D., 1998. Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocr. Rev. 19, 717–797, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.1....
21.
Gramignoli R., Ranade A.R., Venkataramanan R., Strom S.C., 2022. Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on hepatic metabolism in primary human hepatocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 14880, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23....
22.
Gulhar R., Ashraf M. A., Jialal I., 2023. Physiology, acute phase reactants. StatPearls Publishing. Tampa, FL (USA).
23.
Guo J., Friedman S.L., 2010. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in liver injury and hepatic fibrogenesis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 3, 21, https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-1....
24.
Hashimoto R., Sakai K., Matsumoto H., Iwashita M., 2010. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) activities in human trophoblast cell cultures through IGF-I/insulin hybrid receptors. Endocr. J. 57, 193–200, https://doi.org/10.1507/endocr....
25.
Haziak K., Herman A.P., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., 2014. Effects of central injection of anti-LPS antibody and blockade of TLR4 on GnRH/LH secretion during immunological stress in anestrous ewes. Mediat. Inflamm. 2014, 867179, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/8....
26.
Herman A.P., Herman A., Haziak K., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., 2013a. Immune stress up regulates TLR4 and Tollip gene expressionin the hypothalamus of ewes. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 22, 13–18, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
27.
Herman A., Misztal T., Herman A., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., 2010. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1 receptors genes in the hypothalamus of anoestrous ewes after lipopolysaccharide treatment: interleukin-1β in the hypothalamus after LPS treatment. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 45, e426–e433, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439....
28.
Herman A.P., Krawczyńska A., Bochenek J., Antushevich H., Herman A., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., 2014. Peripheral injection of SB203580 inhibits the inflammatory-dependent synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus. BioMed. Res. Int. 2014, 475152, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/4....
29.
Herman A.P., Krawczyńska A., Bochenek J., Dobek E., Herman A., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., 2013b. LPS-induced inflammation potentiates the IL-1-mediated reduction of LH secretion from the anterior pituitary explants. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2013, 926937, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/9....
30.
Hiller-Sturmhöfel S., Bartke A., 1998. The endocrine system: an overview. Alcohol Health Res. World. 22, 153–164.
31.
Honegger J., Spagnoli A., D’Urso R., Navarra P., Tsagarakis S., Besser G.M., Grossman A.B., 1991. Interleukin-β modulates the acute release of growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin from rat hypothalamus in vitro, whereas tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 have no effect. Endocrinology 129, 1275–1282, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-1....
32.
Jaffer U., Wade R.G., Gourlay T., 2010. Cytokines in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a review. HSR Proc. Intensive Care Cardiovasc. Anesth. 2, 161–175.
33.
Kojima M., Hosoda H., Date Y., Nakazato M., Matsuo H., Kangawa K., 1999. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402, 656–660, https://doi.org/10.1038/45230.
34.
Komuczki J., Tuzlak S., Friebel E. et al., 2019. Fate-mapping of GM-CSF expression identifies a discrete subset of inflammation-driving T helper cells regulated by cytokines IL-23 and IL-1β. Immunity 50, 1289–1304.e6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immu....
35.
Kowalewska M., Herman A.P., Szczepkowska A., Skipor J., 2017. The effect of melatonin from slow-release implants on basic and TLR-4-mediated gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the choroid plexus in ewes. Res. Vet. Sci. 113, 50–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc....
36.
Krawczyńska A., Antushevich H., Bochenek J., Wojtulewicz K., Pawlina B., Herman A., Zięba D., 2019. Photoperiodic conditions as a factor modulating leptin influence on proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors gene expression in ewe’s aorta. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 28, 128–137, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
37.
Król K., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., Herman A., 2016. Photoperioddependent effect of inflammation on nocturnal gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in pars tuberalis of ewe. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 25, 3–11, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
38.
Lara-Diaz V., Castilla-Cortazar I., Martín-Estal I., García-Magariño M., Aguirre G., Puche J., De La Garza R., Morales L., Muñoz U., 2017. IGF-1 modulates gene expression of proteins involved in inflammation, cytoskeleton, and liver architecture. J. Physiol. Biochem. 73, 245–258, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105....
39.
Layé S., Gheusi G., Cremona S., Combe C., Kelley K., Dantzer R., Parnet P., 2000. Endogenous brain IL-1 mediates LPSinduced anorexia and hypothalamic cytokine expression. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279, R93–R98, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpreg....
40.
Lazarus D.D., Moldawer L.L., Lowry S.F., 1993. Insulin-like growth factor-1 activity is inhibited by interleukin-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 12, 219–223.
41.
Le Roith D., Bondy C., Yakar S., Liu J.-L., Butler A., 2001. The somatomedin hypothesis: 2001. Endocr. Rev. 22, 53–74, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.2....
42.
Li Y., Wang J., Wang Y., He W., Zhang Y., Liu Y., 2022. IL-1β/NF-κB signaling inhibits IGF-1 production via let-7f-5p in dendritic epidermal T cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 112, 1677–1690, https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3M....
43.
Mainardi G.L., Saleri R., Tamanini C., Baratta M., 2002. Effects of Interleukin-1-beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, alone or in association with hexarelin or galanin, on growth hormone gene expression and growth hormone release from pig pituitary cells. Horm. Res. Paediatr. 58, 180–186, https://doi.org/10.1159/000065....
44.
Mantovani A., Dinarello C.A., Molgora M., Garland C., 2019. Interleukin-1 and related cytokines in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. Immunity 50, 778–795, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immu....
45.
Martín A.I., Priego T., Moreno-Ruperez Á., González-Hedström D., Granado M., López-Calderón A., 2021. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in inflammatory cachexia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 9469, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22....
46.
Mastorakos G., Chrousos G.P., Weber J.S., 1993. Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77, 1690–1694, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.7....
47.
Meijer C., Huysen V., Smeenk R.T.J., Swaak A.J.G., 1993. Profiles of cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) and acute phase proteins (CRP and α1AG) related to the disease course in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2, 359–365, https://doi.org/10.1177/096120....
48.
Merola M., Blanchard B., Tovey M.G., 1996. The κB enhancer of the human interleukin-6 promoter is necessary and sufficient to confer an IL-1β and TNF-α response in transfected human cell lines: requirement for members of the C/EBP family for activity. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 16, 783–798, https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.19....
49.
Mordret G., 1993. MAP kinase kinase: a node connecting multiple pathways. Biol. Cell. 79, 193–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/0248-4....
50.
Müller E.E., Locatelli V., Cocchi D., 1999. Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion. Physiol. Rev. 79, 511–607, https://doi.org/10.1152/physre....
51.
Nadatani Y., Watanabe T., Tanigawa T., Machida H., Okazaki H., Yamagami H., Watanabe K., Tominaga K., Fujiwara Y., Arakawa T., 2012. High mobility group box 1 promotes small intestinal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through Toll-like receptor 4. Am. J. Pathol. 181, 98–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpa....
52.
Nemet D., Eliakim A., Zaldivar F., Cooper D.M., 2006. Effect of rhIL-6 infusion on GH→IGF-I axis mediators in humans. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 291, R1663–R1668, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpreg....
53.
Niimi M., Sato M., Wada Y., Tamaki M., Takahara J., Kawanishi K., 1994. Analysis of growth hormone release from rat anterior pituitary cells by reverse hemolytic plaque assay: influence of interleukin-1. Life Sci. 55, 1807–1813, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3....
54.
Nussey S., Whitehead S. (Editors), 2001. The pituitary gland. Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach. BIOS Scientific Publishers. Milton Park (UK), https://doi.org/10.1201/b15306
55.
O’Neill L.A.J., 2008. The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: 10 years of progress. Immunol. Rev. 226, 10–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600....
56.
Orlando S., Matteucci C., Fadlon E.J., Buurman W.A., Bardella M.T., Colotta F., Introna M., Mantovani A., 1997. TNF-alpha, unlike other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, induces rapid release of the IL-1 type II decoy receptor in human myelomonocytic cells. J. Immunol. 158, 3861–3868, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmun....
57.
Parusel R., Steimle A., Lange A., Schäfer A., Maerz J.K., Bender A., Frick J.-S., 2017. An important question: which LPS do you use? Virulence 8, 1890–1893, https://doi.org/10.1080/215055....
58.
Patel Y.C., 1999. Somatostatin and its receptor family. Front. Neuroendocrinol 20, 157–198, https://doi.org/10.1006/frne.1....
59.
Payne L.C., Obal Jr F., Opp M.R., Krueger J.M., 1992. Stimulation and inhibition of growth hormone secretion by interleukin- 1β; the involvement of growth hormone-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 56, 118–123, https://doi.org/10.1159/000126....
60.
Peters V.A., Joesting J.J., Freund G.G., 2013. IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) and its role in immune regulation. Brain Behav. Immun. 32, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.....
61.
Poltorak A., He X., Smirnova I. et al., 1998. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 282, 2085–2088, https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc...
62.
Priego T., Ibáñez De Cáceres I., Martín A.I., Villanúa M.Á., López-Calderón A., 2004. NO plays a role in LPS-induced decreases in circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and their gene expression in the liver. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286, E50–E56, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpend....
63.
Priego T., Ibáñez De Cáceres I., Martı́n A.I., Villanúa M.A., López-Calderón A., 2003. Endotoxin decreases serum IGFBP-3 and liver IGFBP-3 mRNA: Comparison between Lewis and Wistar rats. Mol. Cell. Endocrinolgy 199, 23–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-....
64.
Przybył B., Wójcik-Gładysz A., Gajewska A., Szlis M., 2021. Brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) affects somatotrophicaxis activity in sheep. J. Anim. Feed. Sci. 30, 329–339, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
65.
Raetz C.R.H., Whitfield C., 2002. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 71, 635–700, https://doi.org/10.1146/annure....
66.
Reeh H., Rudolph N., Billing U. et al., 2019. Response to IL-6 transand IL-6 classic signalling is determined by the ratio of the IL-6 receptor α to gp130 expression: Fusing experimental insights and dynamic modelling. Cell. Commun. Signal. 17, 46, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964....
67.
Renaville R., Hammadi M., Portetelle D., 2002. Role of the somatotropic axis in the mammalian metabolism. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 23, 351–360, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0739-....
68.
Renner U., Newton C. J., Pagotto U., Sauer J., Arzt E., Stalla G.K., 1995. Involvement of interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in rat pituitary cell growth regulation. Endocrinology 136, 3186–3193, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.1....
69.
Sabatino M. E., Sosa L.D.V., Petiti J.P., Mukdsi J.H., Mascanfroni I.D., Pellizas C.G., Gutiérrez S., Torres A.I., De Paul A.L., 2013. Functional Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in lactotrophs mediates LPS-induced proliferation in experimental pituitary hyperplasia. Exp. Cell. Res. 319, 3020–3034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexc....
70.
Scarborough D.E., 1990. Somatostatin regulation by cytokines. Metabolism 39, 108–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0....
71.
Schettini G., Florio T., Meucci O., Landolfi E., Lombardi G., Scala G., Leong D., 1990. Interleukin-1-β modulation of prolactin secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells: involvement of adenylate cyclase activity and calcium mobilization. Endocrinology 126, 1435–1441, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-1....
72.
Silverman M.N., Pearce B.D., Biron C.A., Miller A.H., 2005. Immune modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection. Viral Immunol. 18, 41–78, https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.20....
73.
Soto L., Martin A., Millan S., Vara E., Lopez-Calderon A., 1998. Effects of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide administration on the somatotropic axis. J. Endocrinol. 159, 239–246, https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.....
74.
Szczepkowska A., Bochenek J., Wójcik M., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., Antushevich H., Tomczyk M., Skipor J., Herman A., 2022. Effect of caffeine on adenosine and ryanodine receptorgene expression in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and choroidplexus in ewes under basal and LPS challenge conditions. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 32, 17–25, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
75.
Szczepkowska A., Wójcik M., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., Antushevich H., Krawczyńska A., Wiechetek W., Skipor J., Herman A.P., 2021. Acute effect of caffeine on the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus during endotoxin-induced inflammation in a female sheep model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 13237, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22....
76.
Taishi P., De A., Alt J., Gardi J., Obal F., Krueger J.M., 2004. Interleukin-1beta stimulates growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the rat hypothalamus in vitro and in vivo. J. Neuroendocrinol. 16, 113–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953....
77.
Teglund S., McKay C., Schuetz E., van Deursen J.M., Stravopodis D., Wang D., Brown M., Bodner S., Grosveld G., Ihle J.N., 1998. Stat5a and Stat5b proteins have essential and nonessential, or redundant, roles in cytokine responses. Cell 93, 841–850, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-....
78.
Tittle A.M., 1998. Interleukin-1β effects on somatostatin release in vitro. Master of Science Thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Newfoundland and Labrador’s University. St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada).
79.
Udy G.B., Towers R.P., Snell R.G., Wilkins R.J., Park S.-H., Ram P.A., Waxman D.J., Davey H.W., 1997. Requirement of STAT5b for sexual dimorphism of body growth rates and liver gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94, 7239–7244, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.9....
80.
Vambutas A., DeVoti J., Goldofsky E., Gordon M., Lesser M., Bonagura V., 2009. Alternate splicing of interleukin-1 receptor type II (IL1R2) in vitro correlates with clinical glucocorticoid responsiveness in patients with AIED. PLoS ONE 4, e5293, https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
81.
Vijayakumar A., Novosyadlyy R., Wu Y., Yakar S., LeRoith D., 2010. Biological effects of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 20, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir....
82.
Wang P., 2002. The role of endotoxin, TNF-α, and IL-6 in inducing the state of growth hormone insensitivity. World J. Gastroenterol. 8, 531, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v8....
83.
Witkowska-Sędek E., Pyrżak B., 2020. Chronic inflammation and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. Cent. Eur. J. Immunol. 45, 469–475, https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2....
84.
Wójcik M., Krawczyńska A., Antushevich H., Herman A., 2018. Post- Receptor inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT pathway in the growth hormone signal transduction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 1843, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19....
85.
Wojtulewicz K., Krawczyńska A., Tomaszewska-Zaremba D., Wójcik M., Herman A.P., 2020. Effect of acute and prolonged inflammation on the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of ewes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 6939, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21....
86.
Wong R., Lénárt N., Hill L. et al., 2019. Interleukin-1 mediates ischaemic brain injury via distinct actions on endothelial cells and cholinergic neurons. Brain. Behav. Immun. 76, 126–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.....
87.
Xu L., Zhang W., Sun R., Liu J., Hong J., Li Q., Hu B., Gong F., 2017. IGF-1 may predict the severity and outcome of patients with sepsis and be associated with microRNA-1 level changes. Exp. Ther. Med. 14, 797–804, https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.20....
88.
Zhao Q., Yang S.T., Wang J.J. et al., 2015. TNF alpha inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells through NF-κB activation and impairment of IGF-1 signaling pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 458, 790–795, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc....
89.
Zhao Y., Xiao X., Frank S.J., Lin H.Y., Xia Y., 2014. Distinct mechanisms of induction of hepatic growth hormone resistance by endogenous IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 307, E186–E198, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpend....
CITATIONS (2):
1.
Effect of Caffeine on the Inflammatory-Dependent Changes in the GnRH/LH Secretion in a Female Sheep Model
Andrzej Przemysław Herman, Monika Tomczyk, Maciej Wójcik, Joanna Bochenek, Hanna Antushevich, Anna Herman, Wiktoria Wiechetek, Aleksandra Szczepkowska, Elżbieta Marciniak, Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Andrzej Przemysław Herman, Monika Tomczyk, Maciej Wójcik, Joanna Bochenek, Hanna Antushevich, Anna Herman, Wiktoria Wiechetek, Aleksandra Szczepkowska, Elżbieta Marciniak, Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2.
The role of QRFP43 in the secretory activity of the gonadotrophic axis in female sheep
Bartosz Jarosław Przybył, Michał Szlis, Bartłomiej Wysoczański, Anna Wójcik-Gładysz
Scientific Reports
Bartosz Jarosław Przybył, Michał Szlis, Bartłomiej Wysoczański, Anna Wójcik-Gładysz
Scientific Reports
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| ISSN: | 1230-1388 |
Assigning DOI numbers, introducing articles from supplements and recent publications to POL-index database, maintaining anti-plagiarism detection, electronic system to proceed manuscripts and webpage of the Journal with interactive pdf files, and language correction of manuscripts published in Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences are financed in the years 2018–2019 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from the funds for science popularization activities, Agreement No. 631/P-DUN/2018.
© 2006-2024 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
