Relevant research on ammonia production, ammonia absorption, and urea recycling in ruminants
was reviewed. Ammonia production and utilization in the rumen and post-ruminal digestive tracts
are described in detail. Absorption of ammonia into portal-drained viscera, ammonia detoxification
and urea synthesis in the liver, and urea degradation in the gastrointestinal tract are then discussed.
The factors of affecting urea recycling and its pathways are also analysed. Suggested future research
should focus on urea recycling dynamics and improvement of protein conversion efficiency, and on
the development of an integrated mechanistic model to describe the digestion and metabolism of
nitrogen-containing compounds in ruminants fed practical diets.
CITATIONS(15):
1.
Metabolisable protein supply to lactating dairy cows increased with increasing dry matter concentration in grass-clover silage M. Johansen, A.L.F. Hellwing, P. Lund, M.R. Weisbjerg Animal Feed Science and Technology
In vitroevaluation on neutral detergent fiber and cellulose digestion by post-ruminal microorganisms in goats Jinzhen Jiao, Pengpeng Wang, Zhixiong He, Shaoxun Tang, Chuanshe Zhou, Xuefeng Han, Min Wang, Duanqin Wu, Jinhe Kang, Zhiliang Tan Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Feeding measures to reduce nitrogen excretion in dairy cattle Sam De Campeneere, Johan L. De Boever, José M. Vanacker, Winy Messens, Daniël L. De Brabander Archives of Animal Nutrition
Description of a bovine model for studying digestive and metabolic effects of a positive energy balance not biased by lactation or gravidity Sven Dänicke, Ulrich Meyer, Janine Winkler, Kirsten Schulz, Sebastian Ulrich, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Jürgen Rehage, Gerhard Breves, Susanne Häußler, Helga Sauerwein, Lena Locher Archives of Animal Nutrition
Net flux of nutrients across the rumen wall of lactating dairy cows as influenced by dietary supplements of folic acid C.L. Girard, C. Benchaar, J. Chiquette, A. Desrochers Journal of Dairy Science
Short dry period management improves peripartum ruminal adaptation in dairy cows M.S. Jolicoeur, A.F. Brito, D.E. Santschi, D. Pellerin, D. Lefebvre, R. Berthiaume, C.L. Girard Journal of Dairy Science
Study of the effect of presence or absence of protozoa on rumen fermentation and microbial protein contribution to the chyme1 A. Belanche, L. Abecia, G. Holtrop, J. A. Guada, C. Castrillo, G. de la Fuente, J. Balcells Journal of Animal Science
Nitrogen recycling through the gut and the nitrogen economy of ruminants: An asynchronous symbiosis1 C. K. Reynolds, N. B. Kristensen Journal of Animal Science
Effects of ensiling treatment for tuber crop forages and grain source on carbohydrate digestion, nitrogen utilization, and urea metabolism in sheep H.L. Dang, T. Obitsu, T. Sugino Animal Feed Science and Technology
Effect of the Level of Energy and Dietary Protein of Ammoniated Rice Straw on the Productivity of Male Simmental Cattle in a Tropical Area Elihasridas ., Mardiati Zain, Yetti Marlida, Andri . Pakistan Journal of Nutrition
Dietary dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel powder improved in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production kinetics Maharach Matra, Metha Wanapat, Anusorn Cherdthong, Suban Foiklang, Chaowarit Mapato Tropical Animal Health and Production
Effect of Method and Level of Urea Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization and Ruminal Fermentation in Sheep Fed a Maize Stover-based Diet X. Zhao, J. An, Q. Luo, Z. Tan Journal of Applied Animal Research
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