REVIEW PAPER
Ammonia production, ammonia absorption,
and urea recycling in ruminants. A review
| 1 | Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China |
| 2 | Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois,
Urbana 61801,USA |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Z. Tan
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
Publication date: 2004-06-16
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2004;13(3):389–404
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Relevant research on ammonia production, ammonia absorption, and urea recycling in ruminants
was reviewed. Ammonia production and utilization in the rumen and post-ruminal digestive tracts
are described in detail. Absorption of ammonia into portal-drained viscera, ammonia detoxification
and urea synthesis in the liver, and urea degradation in the gastrointestinal tract are then discussed.
The factors of affecting urea recycling and its pathways are also analysed. Suggested future research
should focus on urea recycling dynamics and improvement of protein conversion efficiency, and on
the development of an integrated mechanistic model to describe the digestion and metabolism of
nitrogen-containing compounds in ruminants fed practical diets.
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