ORIGINAL PAPER
Nutritive value of traditionally water-debittered white lupin grains for ruminants
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1
Selçuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, 42250 Konya, Türkiye
2
Ankara University, Institute of Health Sciences, 06110 Ankara, Türkiye
3
Selçuk University, Institute of Health Sciences, 42250 Konya, Türkiye
Publication date: 2026-09-30
Corresponding author
Z. S. İnanç
Selçuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, 42250 Konya, Türkiye
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ABSTRACT
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grains, locally known in Anatolia as termiye, is traditionally boiled and soaked under running water for 7–10 days to remove quinolizidine alkaloids. However, little is known about its nutritive value for ruminants after this processing. In this study, water-debittered L. albus from five smallholder production lots (L1–L5) was characterised for chemical composition, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein fractions, in situ degradability, in vitro fermentation kinetics, and predicted methane production. In situ degradability was determined in two rumen-cannulated dry Holstein cows over 2–48 h. In vitro fermentation was assessed using a semi-automatic gas production system. Rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured at 24 and 48 h, and methane production was predicted from VFA molar proportions. Crude protein (CP) content ranged from 35.8 to 40.2% of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content from 35.3 to 36.9% of DM. CNCPS fraction B accounted for 88.0–93.2% of CP and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) at k = 0.02/h was 30.6–32.9% of CP. Twenty-four-hour gas production ranged from 58 to 68 ml/460 mg DM, end-point pH 7.07–7.22, NH3 N 9.2–10.0 mM, total VFA 125–132 mmol/l, acetate 55.9–58.2 mol%, propionate 26.2–27.1 mol%, and the (acetate + butyrate)/propionate ratio 2.54–2.69. Predicted methane ranged from 17.7 to 18.5 ml/460 mg DM. Water-debittered L. albus had high CP content, a true-protein-dominated nitrogen profile, RUP comparable to soybean meal, and an acetate-rich fermentation profile. Composition and fermentation characteristics were largely consistent between lots, indicating that traditional aqueous debittering results in a relatively uniform protein feed. However, confirmation of its feeding value requires in vivo evaluation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank the research farm staff of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, for their assistance with the rumen- cannulated cows.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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