ORIGINAL PAPER
Dietary supplementation of dairy cows with a docosahexaenoic acid-rich thraustochytrid, Aurantiochytrium limacinum: effects on milk quality, fatty acid composition and cheese making properties
,
 
,
 
,
 
 
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
Alltech SARL, Rue Charles Amand, 14500 Vire, France
 
2
CERZOO Srl, Via Castellarino, San Bonico, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
 
3
Alltech European Bioscience Centre, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, A86 X006 Ireland
 
 
Publication date: 2019-03-11
 
 
Corresponding author
C. A Moran   

Alltech SARL, Rue Charles Amand, 14500 Vire, France
 
 
J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2019;28(1):3-14
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heterotrophically grown docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA) added to dairy cow diet on milk fatty acid profile and milk cheese making properties. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of pelleting on DHA transfer from diet to milk. Thirty six lactating dairy cows were blocked by parity, number of days in milk and by milk production and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets: AURA (150 g/cow/day) with protein concentrate in pelleted or meal form, and control group – protein concentrate in pelleted form without AURA. Milk samples from each cow were taken on days 0, 28, 56 and 84. Dietary supplementation for 84 days resulted in the successful enrichment of milk with DHA, at a level of 4.47 and 6.37 mg/100 ml milk for the groups supplemented with AURA in a pelleted and meal form, respectively. As less DHA was detected in the pelleted concentrate (470 vs 570 mg/kg), and subsequently in the milk of the groups fed these pellets, the process of pelleting may have resulted in a loss of DHA from the feed. Dietary supplementation with AURA improved milk quality: increased DHA content and lowered n-6:n-3 ratio. With no differences observed for the cheese making properties of milk from cows fed supplemented or control diets, it can be stated that milk obtained from cows fed diet enriched with DHA-rich thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium limacinum at a dose 150 g/cow/day (which gives about 24 g DHA/cow/day) can be suitable for cheese production.
 
REFERENCES (39)
1.
ADAS (Agricultural Development and Advisory Service). 1986. Condition scoring of dairy cows. Publ. 612, Agric. Dev. Advisory Serv., Min. Agric., Fisheries Food, Lion House, Alnwick, Northumberland (UK).
 
2.
AOAC International, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edition. Gaithersburg, MD (USA).
 
3.
AOCS, 2017. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS. 7th Edition. American Oil Chemists’ Society. Urban, IL (USA).
 
4.
Allred S.L., Dhiman T.R., Brennand C.P., Khanal R.C., McMahon D.J., Luchini N.D., 2006. Milk and cheese from cows fed calcium salts of palm and fish oil alone or in combination with soybean products. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 234–248, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0....
 
5.
Avramis C.A., Wang H., McBride B.W., Wright T.C., Hill A.R., 2003. Physical and processing properties of milk, butter, and cheddar cheese from cows fed supplemental fish meal. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 2568–2576, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0....
 
6.
Bannon C.D., Craske J.D., Hilliker A.E., 1985. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters with high accuracy and reliability. IV. Fats with fatty acids containing four or more carbon atoms. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 62, 1501–1507, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0254....
 
7.
Bichi E., Hervás G., Toral P.G., Loor J.J., Frutos P., 2013. Milk fat depression induced by dietary marine algae in dairy ewes: Persistency of milk fatty acid composition and animal performance responses. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 524–532, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.20....
 
8.
Bodkowski R., Czyż K., Kupczyński R., Patkowska-Sokoła B., Nowakowski P., Wiliczkiewicz A., 2016. Lipid complex effect on fatty acid profile and chemical composition of cow milk and cheese. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 57–67, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.20....
 
9.
Boeckaert C., Vlaeminck B., Dijkstra J., Issa-Zacharia A., Van Nespen T., Van Straalen W., Fievez V., 2008. Effect of dietary starch or micro algae supplementation on rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 4714–4727, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.20....
 
10.
Caroprese M., Sevi A., Marino R., Santillo A., Tateo A., Albenzio M., 2013. Composition and textural properties of Mozzarella cheese naturally-enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Dairy Res. 80, 276–282, https://doi.org/10.1017/S00220....
 
11.
Chilliard Y., Ferlay A., Doreau M., 2001. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow’s diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livest. Prod. Sci. 70, 31–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-....
 
12.
European Commision, 2018. EU Milk Market Observatory. https://ec.europa.eu/agricultu... (accessed 1.24.19).
 
13.
Fournier V., Destaillats F., Juanéda P., Dionisi F., Lambelet P., Sébédio J.-L., Berdeaux O., 2006. Thermal degradation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during deodorization of fish oil. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 108, 33–42, https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.2....
 
14.
Franklin S.T., Martin K.R., Baer R.J., Schingoethe D.J., Hippen A.R., 1999. Dietary marine algae (Schizochytrium sp.) increases concentrations of conjugated linoleic, docosahexaenoic and transvaccenic acids in milk of dairy cows. J. Nutr. 129, 2048–2054, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129....
 
15.
Gaines W.L., Davidson F.A., 1923. Relation between percentage fat content and yield of milk: correction of milk yield for fat content (No. 245). University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Urbana, IL (USA), pp. 577–621.
 
16.
Gallo A., Moschini M., Cerioli C., Masoero F., 2013. Use of principal component analysis to classify forages and predict their calculated energy content. Animal 7, 930–939, https://doi.org/10.1017/S17517....
 
17.
Glasser F., Doreau M., Ferlay A., Chilliard Y., 2007. Technical note: Estimation of milk fatty acid yield from milk fat data. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 2302–2304, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.20....
 
18.
Gómez Candela C., Bermejo López L.M., Loria Kohen V., 2011. Importance of a balanced omega 6/omega 3 ratio for the maintenance of health. Nutritional recommendations. Nutr. Hosp. 26, 323–329, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0212-....
 
19.
Jones E.L., Shingfield K.J., Kohen C., Jones A.K., Lupoli B., Grandison A.S., Beever D.E., Williams C.M., Calder P.C., Yaqoob P., 2005. Chemical, physical, and sensory properties of dairy products enriched with conjugated linoleic acid. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2923–2937, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0....
 
20.
Knapp D.M., Grummer R.R., 1991. Response of lactating dairy cows to fat supplementation during heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 2573–2579, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0....
 
21.
Moate P., Williams S.R.O., Hannah M.C., Eckard R.J., Auldist M.J., Ribaux B.E., Jacobs J.L., Wales W.J., 2013. Effects of feeding algal meal high in docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, and methane emissions in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 3177–3188, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.20....
 
22.
Moran C.A., Currie D., Knox A., 2017a. Does pelleting affect transfer of DHA to eggs when heterotrophically-grown algae are added to layer diets? Poultry Science, 96 (E-Suppl. 1), p. 326, P295.
 
23.
Moran C.A., Morlacchini M., Fusconi G., 2017b. Enhancing the DHA content in milk from dairy cows by feeding ALL-G-RICHTM. J. Appl. Anim. Nutr. 5, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1017/jan.20....
 
24.
Moran C.A., Currie D., Keegan J.D., Knox A., 2018a. Tolerance of broilers to dietary supplementation with high levels of the DHA-rich microalga, Aurantiochytrium Limacinum: effects on health and productivity. Animals 8, 180, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani810....
 
25.
Moran C.A., Morlacchini M., Keegan J.D., Fusconi G., 2018b. The effect of dietary supplementation with Aurantiochytrium limacinum on lactating dairy cows in terms of animal health, productivity and milk composition. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 102, 576–590, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12....
 
26.
Moran C.A., Morlacchini M., Keegan J.D., Delles, R., Fusconi G., 2018c. Effects of a DHA-rich unextracted microalgae as a dietary supplement on performance, carcass traits and meat fatty acid profile in growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 102, 1026–1038, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12....
 
27.
Moran C.A., Morlacchini M., Keegan J.D., Fusconi G., 2019. Increasing the omega-3 content of hen’s eggs through dietary supplementation with Aurantiochytrium limacinum microalgae: effect of inclusion rate on the temporal pattern of docosahexaenoic acid enrichment, efficiency of transfer, and egg characteristics. J. Appl. Poult. Res. pfy075, https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/p....
 
28.
Mullan W.M.A., 2008. Determination of the theoretical yield of cheddar cheese using milk composition only and a modified version of the Van Slyke yield equation. On-line document, https://www.dairyscience.info/... (accessed 01.23.2019).
 
29.
NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Edition. The National Academies Press. Washington, DC (USA), https://doi.org/10.17226/9825.
 
30.
Nudda A., Battacone G., Neto O.B., Cannas A., Dias Francesconi A.H., Atzori A.S., Pulina G., 2014. Feeding strategies to design the fatty acid profile of sheep milk and cheese. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 43, 445–456, http://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-3....
 
31.
O’Fallon J.V., Busboom J.R., Nelson M.L., Gaskins C.T., 2007. A direct method for fatty acid methyl ester synthesis: Application to wet meat tissues, oils, and feedstuffs. J. Anim. Sci. 85, 1511–1521, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.20....
 
32.
Papadopoulos G., Goulas C., Apostolaki E., Abril R., 2002. Effects of dietary supplements of algae, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, on milk yield and the composition of milk products in dairy ewes. J. Dairy Res. 69, 357–365, https://doi.org/10.1017/S00220....
 
33.
Ruxton C., Reed S.C., Simpson M.J.A., Millington K.J., 2004. The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of the evidence. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 17, 449–459, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365....
 
34.
Simopoulos A.P., 2008. The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Exp. Biol. Med. 233, 674–688, https://doi.org/10.3181/0711-M....
 
35.
Speroni A., Bertoni G., 1984. Creaming of milk fat: new proposals for the evaluation and the interpretation of the phenomenon (in Italian: L’affioramento del grasso del latte: nuove proposte per la valutazione e l’interpretazione del fenomen). Sci. Tecn. Latt. Casearia 35, 97–108.
 
36.
Stamey J.A., Shepherd D.M., de Veth M.J., Corl B.A., 2012. Use of algae or algal oil rich in n-3 fatty acids as a feed supplement for dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 5269–5275, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.20....
 
37.
Watters C.A., Edmonds C.M., Rosner L.S, Sloss K.P., Leung P.S., 2012. A cost analysis of EPA and DHA in fish, supplements, and foods. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2, 159, https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9....
 
38.
West J.W., 2003. Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 2131–2144, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0....
 
39.
Zymon M., Strzetelski J., Skrzyński G., 2014. Aspects of appropriate feeding of cows for production of milk enriched in the fatty acids, EPA and DHA. A review. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 23, 109–116, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/....
 
 
CITATIONS (6):
1.
Toxicological evaluation of an unextracted Aurantiochytrium limacinum biomass, a novel docosahexaenoic acid rich feed ingredient
G.P. Dillon, J.D. Keegan, C.A. Moran
Food and Chemical Toxicology
 
2.
The Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Dried Dog Food Enriched with an Aurantiochytrium limacinum Biomass: Matrix Extension Validation and Verification of AOAC Method 996.06
Gerald Dillon, Cathy Cardinall, Jason Keegan, Alexandros Yiannikouris, Walter Brandl, Colm Moran
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
 
3.
Microalgae
Luisa Valente, Ana Cabrita, Margarida Maia, Inês Valente, Sofia Engrola, António Fonseca, David Ribeiro, Madalena Lordelo, Cátia Martins, e Falcão, Almeida de, João Freire
 
4.
Fatty acids of microalgae: diversity and applications
Yevhen Maltsev, Kateryna Maltseva
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
 
5.
The Improved Method for Determination of Orotic Acid in Milk by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography with Optimized Photodiode Array Detection
Marian Czauderna, Małgorzata Białek, Edyta Molik, Kamil Zaworski
Animals
 
6.
DHA-Rich Aurantiochytrium Biomass, a Novel Dietary Supplement, Resists Degradation by Rumen Microbiota without Disrupting Microbial Activity
Teemu Rinttilä, Colm Moran, Juha Apajalahti
Applied Microbiology
 
ISSN:1230-1388
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top